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Voices of Cambodian Women Entrepreneurs
This publication summarizes the findings of an exploratory study that asked women entrepreneurs about the challenges they face and how these problems could be resolved. In the course of this study, 101 businesswomen from four provinces – Kampong Cham, Kampot, Phnom Penh and Siem Reap – were interviewed. In total, 33 of these women provided in-depth interviews and 68 participated in one of eight discussion groups.

The women entrepreneurs covered in the publication own a cross section of businesses - from micro-enterprises in rural areas, to larger businesses in urban centers. The majority of women interviewed have only a secondary education, some even less, and a few are illiterate. Almost all the women interviewed are married and have children; the exceptions being a few widows and divorcees.

| 2008 | English 2.49 MB |

Handbook on Export Procedures published

This handbook provides clear and concise information on government export procedures in a user-friendly format suited to SMEs with little export experience. These include the procedures at the five main export points in Cambodia, including Bavet, Poipet, Sihanoukville port, Phnom Penh port, and Pochentong International Airport. In addition to general procedures that apply to all exports, this handbook also explains the requirements for obtaining Certificates of Origin, export licenses, and other export certificates from various ministries.

| 2008 | Khmer 1.3 MB | English 1.4 MB |


Increasing Access to CreditThrough Collateral (Secured Transactions) Reform


This report analyzes Vietnam's secured transactions framework and the decade-long reform efforts within the context of global best practices. The report is organized in four chapters.

  • The first chapter focuses on how secured transactions laws and registries increase access to credit.
  • The second chapter summarizes the constraints of the lending environment in Vietnam.
  • The third and fourth chapters provide an overview of Vietnam's legal and institutional framework for secured transactions and analyze recent reform efforts within the context of global best practices.
  • Fifth chapter summarizes key policy recommendations for implementation.

The report is also supported by an annex that details international best practices for secured transactions laws and registries.

| 2007 | Vietnamese 469 KB | English 1.24 MB |



Simplification of Business Start-up Process and Procedures: a Handbook for Provinces

Simplification of Business Start-up Process and Procedures provides best practice references to provinces in establishing and operating a one stop shop (OSS) office to handle business start-up registration process and procedures in Vietnam, including information disclosure, form renovation, information technology application, customer service and monitoring and evaluation of models in practice.

The handbook also recommends a reference OSS model based on current legal framework and experiences from reforms of business start-up procedures in certain provinces in Vietnam as well as examples from other countries around the world.

The handbook is the result of a joint collaboration between the Mekong Private Sector Development Facility of the International Finance Corporation – the private sector arm of the World Bank Group and the Central Institute for Economic Mananagement – a reputed local research institute in Vietnam.

By IFC-MPDF and CIEM
| June 2007 | Vietnamese paperback 1.2 MB | English (still in progress) |


The Provincial Business Environment Scorecard in Cambodia

Recent research on the development of the Cambodian private sector has highlighted four important and interconnected findings.

1) The private sector is the major source of employment in the economy (accounting for 92% of total jobs) and will continue to be the dominant source of job creation and poverty reduction for the foreseeable future.

2) Nevertheless, relative to its peers in other Southeast Asian economies, the Cambodian private sector has been inhibited in its ability to grow and create jobs because of a wide spectrum of institutional barriers and constraints to its development.

3) As a result of these institutional barriers, the vast majority of private enterprises have avoided the full formalization of their activities (as measured by whether an enterprise has registered with the Ministry of Commerce).

4) For all unregistered enterprises and most of the registered enterprises as well, the immediate interface with governing institutions is at the local (specifically the provincial/municipal) level.
    And yet, researchers and those in the donor community understand very little about these interactions, how they affect private sector performance and the choice to formalize, and finally how provincial governance differs across Cambodia. The missing key to our understanding of how to promote the growth and dynamism of the private sector in Cambodia and thereby assist job creation and poverty alleviation lies in a thorough understanding of the impact of local institutions on private sector performance. This “Provincial Business Environment Scorecard” (PBES) is a first attempt to understand this in Cambodia.

    The PBES is a thorough diagnosis of the comparative economic governance of 10 provinces according to 10 basic criteria (sub-indices: Entry Costs, Property Rights, Transparency and Access to information, Participation, Time Costs of Regulatory Compliance, Informal Charges, Crime Prevention, Tax, Proactivity of Provincial Leadership and Dispute Resolution). The ultimate goal of the project is to identify the provinces that have excelled at various aspects of provincial governance and communicate the successful practices to struggling provinces.

    | Summary report English (797KB) | Summary report Khmer (716KB) |

    | Technical report English 3184KB | Technical report Khmer (5.5 MB) |

    PBES Technical Report

    Table of Contents
    Executive Summary
    Sub-Indices of the PBES
    Methodology
    Next Steps
    Appendix



    Voices of Vietnamese Women Entrepreneurs

    Women play a crucial part in reducing poverty and advancing human development. Through a variety of roles – family caregivers, agricultural producers and wage earners – women have a positive impact that not only sustains their households but also benefits their overall societies. In recent years, there has been greater awareness of yet another way through which women power economic growth – entrepreneurship.

    Voices of Women Entrepreneurs in Vietnam highlights a number of conversations with successful businesswomen. Despite the difficulties confronting them, Vietnamese women entrepreneurs demonstrate an extraordinary ability to survive, adapt and prosper. Their discussions go beyond describing problems to reveal a number of creative and effective coping strategies and tactics. It is our hope that by amplifying their voices, this publication will not only help expand opportunities for existing businesswomen in Vietnam but also inspire future generations to follow their own visions for economic development.

    | Full report English (1.25MB) | Full report Vietnamese (1.27MB) |



    Informality and the Playing Field in Vietnam's Business Sector

    This study explores the business environment in Vietnam from the perspective of supporting economic growth. It focuses on informality and the evenness of the playing field in Vietnam’s business sector. The study is based on findings from a survey of private and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in 11 Vietnamese cities. It reflects the views of Vietnamese entrepreneurs on the business environment and incorporates the feedback from discussions with policy makers, financiers, and representatives of international organizations.

    The study provides evidence of the significant improvements that have taken place in the Vietnamese business environment. It also identifies areas where policy actions can help to create a more transparent, predictable legal and regulatory framework and even the playing field for the private domestic-owned companies, the stateowned enterprises, and the foreign-invested companies. We hope that this study will provide all those with an interest in the development of the Vietnamese economy with new insights into its status and new ideas for ways to support and participate in its future growth.

    | 2003 | English (462kb) |


    Cambodia and WTO: A Guide for Business

    Ministry of Commerce has collaborated with the International Finance Corporation’s Mekong Private Sector Development Facility (MPDF) in preparing this Guide and in other initiatives to inform the private sector about WTO.

    As you will see when you read this Guide, it is organized into two main sections. The first of these presents a detailed overview of WTO rules and policies. The second part examines the probable impact that WTO membership will have on a number of different sectors. This is a very important section because it gives a broad overview of the market for each sub-sector, the challenges that Cambodian businesses will face and also provides sources for further information on each market.

    | March 2003 | Full report English (704kb) | Full report Khmer (851kb) |


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